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Essay on Fear of Flying and Classical Conditioning Theory

How Lauren may have learned of her Fear of Flying? How Lauren learned she had a fear in flying? Using the Classical Conditioning theory the possibilities could be endless. Classical conditioning in simple terms is the method in which one determines why and the cause of a condition as well as what has brought it about. There are many stimulus both conditioned and unconditioned that can cause fear or other problems, but the major reason for causes regarding the fear of flying has been mentioned in several articles regarding anxiety disorders. Fear of flying is created by the unconscious mind as a protective mechanism. When using the neutral stimulus explanation, Lauren may not have had a relevant response of interest. Lauren may have†¦show more content†¦After conditioning the neutral stimulus the plane has now become a conditioned stimulus and it produces a conditioned response that is similar to the unconditioned response. This means that Lauren’s fear now starts when she sees the plane, and not when see actually gets on the plane. Summary is that the neutral stimulus now has a response that it didn’t previously have. Neutral stimulus would have no bearing in Lauren’s case if this were only thing involved. Lauren may have experienced an unconditioned stimulus (an example of this could be from seeing a plane crash on the news, hearing someone talking about their fear to fly or about having a bad experience when they flew). The unconditioned response to this could have left Lauren with the opinion that it was not the safe to fly, but we do not have enough information to conclude that this is true or not. Lauren could have had a condition stimulus (example experiencing problems while flying) and if this were the case it would cause Lauren to develop a condition response. The condition response would probably be that Lauren has already convinced herself that every other time she has flown she had had a bad experience and therefore why should it be anything different. Even though the original onset my have been on or off a plane, the fear can also be triggered by events: readingShow MoreRelatedFear of Flying Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesLauren may have learned of her Fear of Flying? How Lauren learned she had a fear in flying? Using the Classical Conditioning theory the possibilities could be endless. Classical conditioning in simple terms is the method in which one determines why and the cause of a condition as well as what has brought it about. There are many stimulus both conditioned and unconditioned that can cause fear or other problems, but the major reason for causes regarding the fear of flying has been mentioned in severalRead MoreDeveloping Prejudice Against Airplanes With Classical Conditioning2005 Words   |  9 PagesDeveloping Prejudice Against Airplanes With Classical Conditioning Submitted By: Montana Campbell 810069443 Danielle DiFonzo N01026731 Submitted For: Neil McGrenaghan Date: 1/12/2014 Code: PYSC 150-0BX Table of Contents Section Page # Introduction 3 Classical Conditioning vs. Prejudice 3 Classical Conditioning Diagram 5 Conclusion 9 References 10 Read MorePsychology : Personality Psychology Rough Draft1801 Words   |  8 Pagess teachings thus he sought-after out a special authority and settled on admirer scientist James Rowland Angell and life scientist Henry Donaldson (Wikipedia, 2007). Taking what he learned from Angell and Donaldson, Watson began forming his own theories regarding behavior, eventually called behaviorism. John B. Watson was before long to become called the founding father of the college of behaviourism/behaviouristic psychology/experimental psychology/psychonomics in psychology. In keeping withRead MoreEssay on Assessment of Psychopathology1956 Words   |  8 PagesAssessment of Psychopathology Normally both fear and anxiety can be helpful, helping us to avoid dangerous situations, making us alert and giving us the motivation to deal with problems. However, if the feelings become too strong or go for too long, they can stop us from doing the things we want to and can make our lives miserable. A phobia is a fear of particular situations or things that are not dangerous and which most people do not find troublesome. MostRead More Phobias and the Brain Essay2357 Words   |  10 Pagesfor your plane to arrive. Youve never flown before, and are more terrified than you can ever remember being. Everyone has told you the supposedly comforting statistics - millions of planes take off each day and theres only a handful of crashes, flying is safer than driving. You know rationally that there is no reason to be so scared, but regardless your heart is racing, your palms are sweating, and youre light-headed. Simply the thought of being up in the air, out of control, makes you feel faintRead MoreManagement Process and Organizational Behavior3727 Words   |  15 Pagesresolution. Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life. The study of the subject is called negotiation theory. Professional negotiators are often specialized, such as union negotiators, leverage buyout negotiators, peace negotiators, hostage negotiators, or may work under other titles, such as diplomats, legislators or brokers. Negotiation typically manifestsRead MoreEssay on Medea and Nietzsches Will to Power4275 Words   |  18 Pagesespecially relevant to modern audiences: Euripides’ valuation of the individual. She believes that he is the only classical writer to tap into two dominant themes in today’s world: â€Å"sympathy with suffering and the conviction of the worth of everyone alive† (197). Of course, as soon as we try to classify what it means to be an individual in the modern sense, we run into the plethora of theories out there. However, Medea poses difficulties as a protagonist that seem well-suited to the Nietzschean philosophyRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesshow that the sequence of chapters is erratic and closer inspection reveals that the scope of individual chapters is far wider than appears at first sight. Philosophic doctrines (which, according to the author, are the basis of the talismanic art), theory of magic, astronomical, astrological and physical lore, extensive directions for the practice of the art, and accounts of the peoples by whom it is employed are jumbled together throughout the book, with no discernible guiding principle. If a systematicRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesgoals a. Identify critical statements by major parties (e.g. people, groups, the work unit, etc.). b. List all goals of the major pa rties that exist or can be reasonably inferred. Step 4: Conducting the analysis a. Decide which ideas, models and theories seem useful. b. Apply these conceptual tools to the situation. c. Step 5: Making the diagnosis As new information is revealed, cycle back to sub-steps (a) and (b). a. Identify predicaments (goal inconsistencies). b. Identify c. Step 6: Doing theRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesYou remember the dinosaurs, don’t you? They appeared on Earth back in the day when New Jersey was next to Morocco. Construct an argument for the fact that dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago without explaining that fact. According to the theory of evolution, this is approximately the time that the Rocky Mountains and European Alps were created. And it was at about this time that the world got its first plants with flowers. (Dont worry too much about the quality of the argument; just

The Blue Sword CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Free Essays

When they reached the City a fortnight later, the City gates were open again, for what the people’s kelar had told them was confirmed by messengers that Corlath sent; and on the laprun field there were thousands of the Hillfolk waiting to cheer their king and his bride, for the messengers had taken it upon themselves to tell more than Corlath had charged them with. All those who had come to the City for safety had stayed, and most of those who had elected to stay in their own land in spite of the Northerners now exultantly left those lands to hasten to the City and see their king’s marriage; for somehow the news flew over the mountains and across the desert in all directions, and all of Damar knew of Harimad-sol, and that she would be queen; even into the fastnesses of the filanon, and a hundred of Kentarre’s folk traveled to the City in the company of the people of Nandam’s village – including Rilly, who was beside herself with excitement, and her mother, who was beside herself with Rilly – to attend the wedding. The City was decked with flowers, and long trailing cloaks of flowers had been woven which were thrown around Corlath’s shoulders and Harry’s, and over Tsornin’s withers and Mabel’s, and the ceremony was performed in the glassy white courtyard before Corlath’s palace. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blue Sword CHAPTER SEVENTEEN or any similar topic only for you Order Now People were hanging from windows and balconies, and clinging to the stark mountainside where there was not purchase for a bird’s claws, and lining the walls, and crowded into the courtyard itself till there was barely space for the king and queen to walk from the palace door to the courtyard gate, where they waved and smiled and threw kaftpa, the traditional small cakes that were good luck for anyone who could catch one and eat it. And they threw armfuls and armfuls of them, that anyone who wanted one might have one, and everyone wanted one. Then they retreated again. Their wedding night they spent in the little room with the waterfall, in the blue mosaic palace. Before they slept Corlath began the long task of telling Harry all the tales of Aerin, as he had once promised he would. The telling stretched over many of their evenings together, for Harry never wavered in her desire to hear them all – and when she had heard them all, her patient husband was required to teac h them to her; and when she had learned all he had to teach, she made up a few of her own, and taught them to him. Gonturan was hung on the wall of the Great Hall, where Harry, like all Riders before her, had cut her hand on the king’s sword and been made another of the company. The king’s sword hung opposite, for only the king’s and queen’s own swords could hang on display in the Great Hall. Gonturan had spent many years wrapped in cloths in an old wooden chest, black with age, since the last time she hung in the Great Hall. And after the wedding feasts everyone went home, because there would be no traveling in the winter rains. The filanon stayed in the City till the rains were gone, partly to pay the respect due to the City and the king they had turned away from many years before; and partly for reasons that became obvious – although everyone already knew what was happening – when in the spring Richard Crewe married Kentarre, and returned with her and the filanon to the western end of Damar, although he carefully avoided the Outlander station. Thus the filanon became once again well known to the king and his City, for the Damarian queen often visited her brother, and he her. Richard was never entirely happy riding as the Hillfolk rode, but he had a talent for woodcraft and archery that might almost have been a Gift. He taught his sister to hold a bow properly and to put an arrow more or less where she wanted it to go, but Harry failed to rise above the merely competent. â€Å"Do you talk to your arrows, and tell them to find the stag that has to be in that brush up ahead somewhere and stick him?† â€Å"Did you tell Gonturan to knock down the mountains on Thurra’s ugly head?† This conversation took place almost a year after Gonturan had been hung on the wall of the palace, and Harry could laugh. Kentarre’s first child was a daughter with blond hair and grey eyes, and she was born before the rains came again. Harry’s first child was born a fortnight later – â€Å"Ah, bah,† Harry said, with her hand on her belly, when the messenger came from the west with the word, and the winter’s first rains fell over them, and dulled the stone of the City; â€Å"I did want to be first.† The child was a son, with black hair and brown eyes. Jack grew as skilled on horseback as any Hillman, for all that he had come to it so late; and Mathin took him to his home village, where he learned how the Hills trained their young horses. He was good at this too, and Mathin’s family liked him, but always he found himself returning to the stone City, where Corlath seemed more content to stay since Harry now stayed with him. And the year that young Tor Mathin was two years old, Jack was called to a banquet in the Great Hall, where he had attended many banquets before, and to his own amazement he was made a queen’s Rider, to sit with the fifteen king’s Riders, for Corlath had made no more since the war with the North. Gonturan, which Jack had held once before on a mountaintop, lightly and kindly drank three drops of his blood, while he stared at the cut and for once had nothing to say. â€Å"We Outlanders must stick together,† said Harry, smiling. Jack looked up at once and shook his head. â€Å"No – we who love the Hills must stick together.† The year after Jack was made a Rider, Harry bore another child, and this one was a daughter, and she had red hair and blue eyes, and a wry whimsical smile even in her cradle. â€Å"You’re calling her Aerin, of course,† said Jack, tickling her with the end of his sash while she giggled and clutched at it. â€Å"I’m calling her Aerin Amelia, and Forloy and Innath and Mathin and I are riding west as soon as she’s six months old, to invite Sir Charles and Lady Amelia to the Naming, here in the City. Will you come with us?† Harry was holding her baby, and as Jack, startled, stopped looking at her and instead looked up at her mother, Aerin grabbed the sash and stuffed as much of it as would fit into her mouth. â€Å"Yes, of course I’ll come. Don’t I have to, anyway? As the only queen’s Rider, I have a reputation to maintain.† Harry’s anxious look relaxed into a smile. And so six months later five Riders set their faces west from the City; and as they were about to leave the City gates, Harry, who was lagging behind as if unhappy about something, heard hoof-beats behind her and turned around to see Fireheart bearing down on her. There were traveling-bundles hanging from his saddle, and Harry’s face lit up and she said: â€Å"Oh, you are coming with us after all.† And Corlath sighed, and reached over Sungold’s withers to take her hand and said, â€Å"Yes, I’m coming. I don’t want to, you understand. Perhaps you should just think that I cannot bear to be parted from you for so many days; which is true enough.† â€Å"I don’t care,† said Harry. Corlath looked at her and smiled in spite of himself. â€Å"Perhaps you are right, my heart. I am inclined to forget that there is still some Outlander blood in your veins; and perhaps this mad scheme of yours will work.† The six of them stopped and set up camp where a much bigger traveling camp had stopped several years before, to wait upon another visit to the Outlander town. Forloy and Innath rode in alone, early in the morning, with a written message for the District Commissioner and his wife; none of them knew what to expect, but least of all did the four who remained behind expect to see a cloud of dust hurrying back toward them a bare few hours later. â€Å"Hill horses never kick up so much dust,† Jack said thoughtfully. Harry stood up and took a few steps in the dustcloud’s direction; she could see two figures on horseback within it, and behind them the grey and brown that were Innath’s and Forloy’s horses. Lady Amelia reached Harry first; Harry’s hood was back, her hair shining in the sunlight, but in her Hill dress and with her skin burned to the color of malak, she was astonished when little Lady Amelia climbed or fell off her horse just in front of her, said, â€Å"Harry, my dear, why did you never send us any word?† burst into tears, and threw her arms around her former houseguest and foster child. â€Å"I – † she said. â€Å"Never mind,† said Lady Amelia; â€Å"I’m so glad to see you again. I’m glad you didn’t quite forget us. You don’t have to name the baby after me, you know – † her voice was muffled, because it was buried in Harry’s shoulder – â€Å"but if you meant the invitation, I shall certainly come. And Charles too.† Harry looked up, and Sir Charles was ponderously dismounting. Lady Amelia let her go, and Sir Charles said nothing as he embraced her in his turn; and his silence she thought was a bad omen till she looked into his face and saw the tears in his eyes. He snuffled through his mustache once or twice, and then his eyes opened wider as they looked over Harry’s shoulder, and she heard Jack’s voice saying: â€Å"Good to see you again, old friend.† The meeting between Sir Charles and Corlath was a trifle constrained. Sir Charles, forgetting himself in an attempt to get off on the right foot this time around, put out his hand; and Corlath looked at it, and looked at Sir Charles, and Harry gritted her teeth; and then Corlath seemed to remember a description, from her perhaps, or from Jack, of this curious Outlander ritual; and he put out his hand, tentatively, and Sir Charles shook it heartily. After that things went more or less smoothly; and Sir Charles spoke the Hill tongue, not nearly so badly as Corlath had privately been expecting – he’s been practicing, the Hill-king thought in surprise, and felt almost warm toward him – and Corlath spoke Homelander, and Sir Charles tactfully refrained from remarking on how fluently he knew it. Sir Charles wanted to insist that they all return to the Residency while he and Lady Amelia packed up for their journey, and Jack could see how he was trying to restrain himself, so he spoke to Harry and Harry spoke to Corlath. And Corlath eyed his wife and thought dark thoughts; but eight riders rode back toward Istan together. And so diplomatic relations between Outlander and Damarian began, for the first time since the Outlanders had come over the sea and seized as much as they could. Jack discovered that Sir Charles had taken his letter, written while Harry and Senay and Terim and Narknon lay asleep in his bedroom, very seriously indeed; and had, in fact, put his own career in jeopardy by insisting that the colonel of the General Mundy had not gone desert-mad at last, but had answered a real threat to Outlander security in the only way he could. It was because of Sir Charles’ efforts that Jack himself and the men who had gone with him were honorably listed in the military rolls as missing in action at the Border and presumed deceased. Sir Charles had further had one of the unhuman corpses found near the fort – for two more were discovered after Jack disappeared – bundled up and sent off to be analyzed by Homelander physicians in the south of Daria, where the biggest Homelander cities were, and the best medical facilities. The physicians had nervously announced they didn’t know what the thing was they were looking at, but, whatever it was, they didn’t like it. Sir Charles also dug out all the reports of irregular and belligerent activity on the Northern border, gathered more, and sent them off to where they might do the most good; and such was his reputation as stolid, conservative, and unflappable – and such was his skill at treading a very narrow line – that he was listened to, if reluctantly. So when he returned from the Naming, leaving Lady Amelia behind for an extended visit with her name-child in the stone City, and began writing dispatches about the time being ripe for the opening of formal diplomacy between the Homeland and Damar – for so he called it – he was permitted to pursue the role he had chosen. It is true that only he and Lady Amelia were ever invited to the City in the Hills; but specially chosen Damarians did begin regularly to visit Istan, and eventually the cities in the south; and to exchange gifts, and speeches of good will, and to receive official administrative notice, even from the Queen and her Council, over the sea in the Homeland. And Harry and Corlath attended to their administrative duties as earnestly as they had to, but no more; and much of their time they spent wandering alone together through the City, or across the plains before the City; or they rode to Mathin’s village, or Innath’s; and as often as they could they slipped away north through the Hills to Luthe’s valley. They took the children with them – Aerin was followed by Jack, and Jack by Hari, as the years passed – for Luthe was fond of children. How to cite The Blue Sword CHAPTER SEVENTEEN, Essay examples

Analysis of Manufacturing and Services Sectors †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Manufacturing and Services Sectors. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is a technology that is used for delivery of information technology related services in which the resources can be recovered from the internet with the help of web based tools and applications through the direct connection of a server. Instead of storing the files as no proprietary and hard drive or local storage device, cloud based storage, the cloud based storage makes it accessible to the remote database. Until the electronic device is able to access the web it is required for it to access the data for the software programs to run it (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). The reason behind calling it cloud computing because the data and information that is able in the cloud computing can be found in the the cloud and there is no need for the user to specifically placed in order it is accessible. The companies that specialize in providing the cloud services let the users to store the files and applications that are on the remote servers so that later on all the data can be accessed from the web (Oliveira, Thomas Espadanal, 2014). Cloud computing is a very popular trending these days and many companies. It is provided by many companies, this research will focus on the concept of cloud computing and later on benefits and challenges of cloud computing. The readers will get a clear picture about cloud computing after this research paper and will also able to judge to what extent is cloud computing beneficial or harmful (Juels, Oprea Bowers, 2017). Benefits of cloud computing for business Cost effective- Cloud computing is one the most cost effective methods for utilizing, sustaining and upgrade. Traditionally desktop software are too costly for the business. When the licensing cost is added for many users it proves to be costlier for the business but the clod computing is slightly cheaper. There is one-time payment option that is available which is very reasonable for the business to utilize (Avram, 2014). Security- Although there are so many cases of security breaches of cloud computing, still there are many arguments that it much more safer than the house computing. Manageability- The management of cloud computing is very simple with the help of central administration of the resources, it helps in vendor managed infrastructure and SLA backed contracts. There is updating of information technology system and the maintenance are completely this happens because the service provider removes all the resources (Fernando, Loke Rahayu, 2013). Down time- This particular feature is considered as one of the negative features of cloud computing, there is no such provider of cloud computing who would say that they can resist the service outages. Since the cloud-computing program is internet based this signifies that accessibility of business depends upon internet connection. The hardware of cloud computing often fails like all other hardware. Till the time there is no internet connection, it is impossible for the business to carry out any activities in cloud computing. The robust data plan can solve this issues but only for some time. The cellular service is viable in absence of internet access and power cuts (Bera, Misra Rodrigues, 2015). Vulnerable to attacks- Each requirement of the cloud computing is designed for the internet. It is a very well known fact that nothing that is connected to the internet is not secure, even the best teams fails to manage the security breaches and cyber attacks. The data storage in the cloud makes the business more likely to the get attacked by hackers and threats. There are always chances that there is lurking of the stealth of the data that are sensitive (Apostu et al.,2013) Inflexibility- The cloud computing software is not flexible and this is a very serious issue for the business. Only few vendors allow easy transfer and conversion of the data in to other methods. Research Questions/Hypothesis What are the different advantages of the use of cloud computing for a business? What are the different disadvantages of cloud computing for a business? Whether business should prefer applications of cloud computing? How cloud computing can be used? How cloud computing is better than the other software, why it should be preferred by business ? In this research, mainly primary data will be collected. The researcher will conduct interview sessions through Skype in order to collect the qualitative data. As stated by Mackey Gass (2015), qualitative data are mainly observational data and it cannot be measured. The researcher is going to interview to senior managers in order to collect the data about cloud computing. The researcher is going to make 5 open-ended questions to ask senior managers about advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing in the arena of their business. Sampling technique: The population of the qualitative research will be senior managers of IT-based Australian businesses. The researcher will conduct interviews to 3 senior managers; hence, the sample size of qualitative research will be 3. The researcher is going to use non-probability sampling technique in qualitative research. In non-probability sampling, the samples are gathered in a way that does not provide all the sampling individuals in the population equal opportunity of being selected (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). As the sample size is only 3, non-probability sampling will be best for this research. In qualitative research, the data should be valid and credible as the researcher will be collecting the observational data of the interviewees, the researcher will cross-check the data that the interviews are going to provide. Credibility is the element of the validity of the data with natural phenomenon, observations and standards. Qualitative research is mainly involved with the interviewee's insights, the validity of data should be checked. Transferability is related to the external validity as the data are mainly generalised and based on assumption. Quantitative research In order to collect quantitative data, the researcher is going to conduct the survey. Before conducting the survey, the researcher will prepare 12 close-ended multiple type questions. According to Flick (2015), quantitative data is mainly numerical data that are collected from the respondents and these data can be measured. The survey questionnaire will be distributed to the employees of IT based companies in Australia. The researcher will upload the survey questionnaire on the Facebook community page. The researcher is aiming to collect quantitative data from 75 employees of IT-based organisations in Australia. The findings of the quantitative research will be given in tables. The collected data will be presented through excel bar graph and pie charts. The researcher aims to collect survey data from 75 employees, hence the sample size will be 75 for quantitative research. The sample population of the research is the employees of IT-based organisations in Australia. The researcher will use simple random sampling technique in conducting the survey. As stated by Silverman (2016), simple random sampling is a subset of the population in which each individual of the subset can get the equal probability of being chosen. In the quantitative research, the transferability is subjective and validity of the study is depended mainly on the collection of the data. The collected data will be reliable as the researcher will only collect those replies which would be given by the researcher of all 12 questions. Quantitative research needs the features of reliability due to repeatability to become reliable as same options are given to all. Conformability is the degree to which respondents must corroborate with the options and they can impact on findings. The limitations of the research is that it does not give important technical details about cloud computing. How cloud computing can be used has not been described by the literature making it difficult for the readers to understand how is it better than house computing. There is not much comparison between cloud computing and other software used by the businesses, which was very much required for the readers. Time Schedule (Research plan) Detail Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Project Proposal Literature review Research design Data collection Data analysis Final project report Conclusion Cloud computing has many benefits, it is cost effective, it management is simple and it is very much safer than the house computing. Although there are certain disadvantages to the cloud computing like it is completely dependent on the internet accessibility and power. One cannot access it when there is no internet connection. It is safer than house computing but this does not mean that it is not vulnerable to cyber threats and attacks. Clod computing is used by many businesses because they find it very simple for management. With the help of cloud computing lot of information can be stored in the internet of the cloud which can be later retrieved. The following paper will help the readers to understand the concept of cloud computing, they will also understand its benefits and the risks of cloud computing to a business. References Apostu, A., Puican, F., Ularu, G. E. A. N. I. N. A., Suciu, G., Todoran, G. (2013). Study on advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computingthe advantages of Telemetry Applications in the Cloud.Recent Advances in Applied Computer Science and Digital Services. New York: Wseas,200, 118-123. Avram, M. G. (2014). Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, 529-534. Bera, S., Misra, S., Rodrigues, J. J. (2015). Cloud computing applications for smart grid: A survey.IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,26(5), 1477-1494. Fernando, N., Loke, S. W., Rahayu, W. (2013). Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future generation computer systems,29(1), 84-106. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. London: Sage. Juels, A., Oprea, A., Bowers, K. D. (2017). Security Issues for Cloud Computing [3].Meta,4(5). Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Abingdon: Routledge. Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Espadanal, M. (2014). Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors.Information Management,51(5), 497-510. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Sadiku, M. N., Musa, S. M., Momoh, O. D. (2014). Cloud computing: opportunities and challenges.IEEE potentials,33(1), 34-36. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. London: Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.