High School and Exemption Forms

I am disseminating Exemption Forms to understudies today. I needed to go over a couple of things with you so we are all on the same wavelength. Exceptions were instituted to empower and remunerate great participation and conduct. This isn't a benefit qualified for each understudy essentially on the grounds that they are taken a crack at our school†¦ It is a REWARD. If it's not too much trouble give this to your understudies. The standards are very simple†¦. In the event that you have been in SIS, DEEP or on the off chance that you have been suspended this semester, at that point you can't be absolved. The normal that an understudy must have in your group so as to be absolved depends on he number of unlucky deficiencies that the person has in your group. A. In the event that an understudy has 0-1 pardoned nonappearance in your group, their semester normal must be a 80 or above B. In the event that an understudy has 2 pardoned nonappearances in your group, their semester norm al must be a 85 or above C.If an understudy has 3 pardoned unlucky deficiencies in your group, their semester normal ,must be a 90 or above If an understudy has an unexcused nonattendance in your group, they may not be absolved from your test. Notes for unexcused nonappearances won't be acknowledged now. It is the understudies' obligation to turn in notes inside 5 days of coming back to class after they eave been missing. Kindly don't give the understudy the participation data that you find in your evaluation book as this remembers extracurricular nonattendances for the all out number and those don't check.

The good life essays

Easy street papers Aristotle invalidates Plato's Theory of Ideas on three essential grounds: that the presence of Ideas repudiates itself by preventing the chance from claiming nullifications; that his delineations of Ideas are simply vacant representations; and that they hypothesis utilizes fleeting reflections to make instances of recognition. In spite of the fact that the hypothesis is intended to build up solid norms for the information on the real world, Aristotle thinks of it as laden with irregularities and accepts that the idea of reality relies on the entirety of structures' relationships to different components. Thoughts, Plato accepts, are perpetual, independent absolutes, which offered an explanation to every thing of precise information achieved through human idea. Additionally, Ideas are in Plato's view solid measures by which all human undertaking can be decided, for the order of all thoughts prompts the most elevated supreme - that of Good. Moreover, the hypothesis guarantees that condi tions are dependent upon the blending of different Forms of presence, that information is target and along these lines obviously increasingly genuine, and that lone the procedures of nature were legitimate elements. In any case, Aristotle assaults this hypothesis in light of the fact that Plato's contentions are uncertain either his attestations are not al all apt. Aristotle says, or his contentions lead to conflicting ends. For instance, Aristotle guarantees that Plato's contentions lead one to infer that elements, (for example, anything man-made) and nullifications of solid thoughts could exist -, for example, non-great contrary to great. This negates Plato's own conviction that solitary regular articles could fill in as principles of information. Likewise, Aristotle invalidates Plato's conviction that Ideas are immaculate elements unto themselves, free of abstract human experience. Thoughts, Aristotle claims, are not reflections on a famous platform but rather minor copies of thi ngs saw in standard day by day life. The Ideas of things, he says, are not natural to the items specifically but rather made independently and spot... <!

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of Essay

The utilization of adjusted scorecard in the presentation assessment of advanced education - Essay Example On account of non-proï ¬ t associations, the BSC lays colossal accentuation on consumer loyalty and consequently a need is given in all issues with respect to client administrations. in associations where a money related emergency is an every day issue, their BSC organized budgetary viewpoint. Concentrating on various prioritization point of view of BSC, associations have a chance to allot assets properly with negligible wastage or extortion. The examination case has likewise given a stage to non-benefit associations to quantify how they perform. In this, execution measure pointers (PMIs)are applied as markers of proficiency. Once more, extraordinary meaning of PMIs can be received to fit the goals of the business. If there should arise an occurrence of foundations of higher learning, â€Å"student/staff ratio† and â€Å"Ph.D ratio† PMIs are fitting. For assembling concern, â€Å"customer satisfaction† is pertinent while â€Å"service delivery† PMIs work s with non-proï ¬ t association. In spite of the fact that execution of the BSC has not been affected in Taiwan and other creating nations, America and Europe are now receiving its rewards. BSC is yet to pick up energy and significant in underdeveloped nations. In any case, this examination has unmistakably exhibited that BSC can be instrumental in conveying positive changes in vital and execution the board in higher learning establishments. Besides, the investigation has suggested that senior administration and directors should completely bolster the usage of framework overseeing instruments, else they are bound to disappointment. Taking everything into account, organizations should me inspired by their vision and strategic that they are run like whatever other business where productivity is profoundly

Queen of Hearts Woman Power and the Woman Question in A Man for All Seasons - Literature Essay Samples

In Robert Bolt’s A Man for All Seasons (1960), paradoxically, queenly power and the woman question emerge as salient themes. Since ancient times, one understands that the woman is popularly conceived of as the weaker vessel and an instrument of reproduction, primarily to birth a male heir to secure primogeniture and hence, continuity of the male lineage. Close analysis of this work clarifies on the role and status of women of the three major socio-economic classes: elite, bourgeois and poorest. Despite these diversities, one appreciates that Bolt merely mirrors the concepts of femininity in a radicalising period such as the English Reformation, reflecting the woman’s primal image as a paragon of fertility, polarisation, and passivity. Here, alongside the profound rivalries and feminine fragility, phenomenal fortitude and courage shine in resplendence. In A Man for All Seasons, a bizarre game of thrones plays out in which the survival and stability of the monarchical dynasty depends on the fulfillment of the queen’s responsibility to give birth to a son. The infertility of Queen Catherine of Aragon, Spain gives King Henry VIII lawful licence to divorce her, pitting her against archrival, Queen Anne Boleyn, whom King Henry subsequently marries. Cardinal and Lord Chancellor Wolsey even calls her ‘barren as a brick’ and stresses the criticality of the situation declaring, Catherines his wife and shes as barren as a brick. Are you going to pray for a miracle? He implies here the practicality of the divorce as an expediency to secure primogeniture and perpetuate Tudor rulership. For the entire piece, the subject matter of the queen’s fertility runs paramount and one even senses the urgency, as it is discussed in official terms. As the controversy thickens on the stability of the governing regime, royal succession and the performance of the queen’s duty, the queen stands as a polarising force in A Man for All Seasons. Queen Catherine of Aragon and Queen Anne Boleyn become polarising forces as religio-political allegiances are blurred and disputed and the legitimacy of rule questioned. Chapuy hints at the enmity surrounding the queens, mentioning that Charles, The King of Spain would feel himself insulted by any insult offered to Queen Catherine. (Bolt 68). On one hand, the Queen Catherines Catholic supporters advocate Papal dogma, ecclesiastical primacy and the interests of Spain and her non-Catholic supporters maintain the sanctity of marriage, even among the reformers. On the other, Queen Anne Boleyns camp represents the campaign for not only the continuity of the Tudor regime and the interests of the Crown, but also marks an assertion of autonomy in Reformation England. Although Sir Thomas More toils to excuse himself from self-incrimination, there comes a point when he can no more straddle the fence as the issue of the queen creates wider cleavages in the affairs of both Church and State. The contest of the queens is again voiced in the Duke of Norfolks question addressed pointedly to him: Thomas, we must know plainly whether you recognize the offspring of Queen Anne as heirs to His Majesty. The Act of Succession to which Sir Thomas More refuses to subscribe, is articulated to ensure recognition and unconditional loyalty towards the new queen and England’s possible heis, Queen Anne and disownership of the former Queen Catherine. As a result, several royal officials, including Sir Thomas More as the Lord Chancellor, are executed because of their unpopular stances. The once cordial relations between King Henry VII and the Pope, the King of Spain, Cardinal Wolsey, Sir Thomas More and other royal administrators embitter as the issue of the queen antagonises and polarises. As cleavages widen and strife deepen between the queens, naturally their offspring inherit these antagonisms. Although unmentioned in the play, history records that Queen Catherines daughter who reigns as Queen Mary I violently clashes with her half-sister and the daughter of Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I. Indeed, the battle of the queens becomes so acid and acute that it tyrannises England to the point that several from both camps tragically lose their lives on charges of high treason and heresy. In the play, one observes the subjection and docile servility of the queen. As the entire plot centres on the queenly figures, Catherine and Anne, one realises that strangely, they are muted for the entire play. The spectator only gains insight on them through second-hand observation and accounts behind the operations of the king and his cabinet. This silence, or the lack of discourse accorded to the queens, may symbolise a power deficiency, especially in light of the fact that men dominate discourse for the entire play: the King, royal government ministers and the common man. Existing as a passive shadow, one hardly sees the queen. She is neither, engaged nor is she granted the privilege of action. The perceived powerlessness of the female evinces itself in King Henrys conversation and attitude as he inferiorises his daughter borne by his first wife Catherine. I have a daughter, shes a good child, a well-set child But I have no son. (He flares up) It is my bounden duty to put away the Queen, and all the Popes back to St. Peter shall not come between me and my duty! With this commentary, he brushes aside the possibility of his daughter ruling or even decisively contributing to the regime. He little thinks that his daughters (both Queen Mary I and later Queen Elizabeth I) would ascend the throne and preserve the Tudor dynasty after he dies. He never envisions that his daughters would reign in his stead as authoritative sovereigns, impacting the face of England forever. Contrasted with the queens of all women characters in the play, emerges Margaret More, prominently towering as a singular figure, exuding female dignity and power. Even King Henry VIII mentions, Why, Margaret, they told me you were a scholar. As a scholar and excelling academic, Margaret More displays diligence and strength of mind. She masters the Greek and Latin language, and is considered an exceptional writer and translator. However, her sweetness of temper and the unique, father-daughter relationship residing between her and her father distinguishes among all other virtues. She loves and respects her father, Sir Thomas More till the end of his life. Correspondingly, he even shares some of the privacies of his mind with her. Margaret More also serves as a foil to her hysterical, aggressive and lesser educated mother. Her courtship and marriage with a contrarian lawyer, Mr. William Roper relay a sense of her open-mind and liberality in perspective. Even as the tide of the Reformation rises in England, she seems to appreciate the necessity for change in self and society. However, Lady Alice More, Sir Thomas Mores wife, exhibits herself as a dutiful and conservative yet defiant and assertive woman. She maintains her household, respects her husband as the head of the home, but fails to understand the mystery of her husbands conflicted position as Lord Chancellor. She unsuccessfully badgers him with demands for information behind his impervious refusal to approve the kings divorce and throws angry tantrums at his intractability. In her first lines, she hotly argues with the Duke of Norfolk on falconry a subject of which she knows little. Many times, she demonstrates an unwifely harshness and even lack of sym pathy for Mores burdensome state responsibilities. Infuriated at her husbands imprisonment and pending execution, she virulently vents, And if anyone wants my opinion of the King and his Council theyve only to ask for it! Replying to which More exclaims, Why, its a lion I married! A lion! A lion! Hence, the spectator discerns Alices proud assertiveness and strong will whether with her husband or surrounded by a litany of dignitaries. In the end, the woman, embodied in the queen of hearts, still wields as much authority as the man, representative of the metaphorical neck that turns the head. They exert an undeniable intelligence and power to manipulate the course of events in their favour and to withstand overwhelming trial and difficulty. The politics of the palace, although male-dominated, and in the private sphere, A Man for All Seasons still validates the woman as an key actor in driving the plot forward, even forecasting the approaching rule of the most notorious queens of England.

Social Medi A Good Thing Or Bad Thing - 1727 Words

Social media has revolutionized the way United States society functions. Society will change based on technology whether we like it tor not; it depends on how we use technology to see the positive and negative effects of it. It is up to the individual whether or not to let social medias take over his or her life. From kids to teens to adults technology is crucial part in daily life. It is important to find a balance between social media and a personal life. It is up to the individual to create a limit of social media use, since it has positive and negative effects. In some cases the negative outweighs the positive. There are many thoughts on whether or not social media is good or bad. An article called, â€Å"Social Media – A Good Thing or a Bad Thing?† (2012) written by, Syed Noman Ali, the SEO Manager of Cygnis Media, focuses on the positive and negative opinion people have for social media. Some positive effects that are written in the article are how people can connect through social media. It is a platform where people can have the opportunity to meet others and find people who were out of touch. It is also a place where people can voice their own opinion. Social media has become a place where individuals have had amazing business opportunities that has positively changed their lives. All these reasons are important but the negative effects outweigh the positive ones. To use social media in a great amount daily can cause many negative effects to an individual mentally andShow MoreRelatedMedia Essay : The Negative Effects Of Social Media734 Words   |  3 PagesSOCIAL MEDIA According to Lisa Buyer, Social media is today’s most transparent, engaging and interactive form of public relations. It combines the true grit of real time content with the beauty of authentic peer to peer communication. social media have a lot of side effects, but there more negative effect than positive effect There are many negative effect of social media. The first one is cyberbullying. Cyberbyllying is an act of harassment towards someone else through an internet or social mediaRead MoreMeds For Mental Health Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesreally something physically wrong with you. Being a kid in the foster care or the JD (Juvenile Delinquent) systems isn’t easy but being given the meds for depression and anxiety when it’s not needed is not a good thing. This report covers antidepressants and antipsychotics are good and bad More kids being put on antipsychotics and antidepressants Kids are being put on antipsychotics and antidepressants in California and the people who put them on the drugs and aren’t telling people. In La countyRead MoreCase Study - Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism1567 Words   |  7 Pagescustomers and make them feel the joy of taste. This article was published in 2012. The content is about the Millenia’s food and wine festival. Thus, it means they are still holding the festival each year. More than that, they‘ve been doing many things inside of the hotel. In 2011, they opened outdoor function space – Millenia Pavillion, completed renovation of 608 rooms and suites Also, their bathroom was chosen as the world’s sexiest bathroom. In 2012, they ranked top on Customer SatisfactionRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1558 Words   |  7 Pagesbystander. The issue of the nationwide legalization of medical marijuana is one that infringes both in political and social standards. Be it that marijuana is subsequently abused, and utilized as an illegal drug. It is regarded highly, as a controversial issue which affects the amenity of conservative, modern America. Because of which one should further seek to understand. Things like its history, correlation with crime, effects on economy, effects on the user and socio-cultural demographics. IfRead MoreHealthcare Initiatives Of The United States2925 Words   |  12 Pagessystems set up in the United States. The Social Security Administration, for examples, provides Medicare for individuals who are sixty-five years old and older; and individual states provide Medicaid for low income families (ADD). Background of Medicaid In 1977, the Healthcare Care Financing Administration (HCFA), a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Health Human Service (DHHS), was established to take charge of both programs (ADD). The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsibleRead MoreJob Training : What Policy Could Help This Mom Apply, Receive And / Or Keep A Job?2528 Words   |  11 Pages Alberta Kaichian Lori Saldate Rebecca Lorenz Shirley Pershell Social Work 534 Assignment #2 Policies to Help Families I. Job training: what policy could help this mom apply, receive and/or keep a job? The article entitled â€Å"Caught in the Cycle of Poverty,† was published in the Los Angeles Times on May 24, 2012, and it attempts to look at the difficulty a woman named Natalie Cole goes through, trying to find a steady job (Gorman, 2012). With the growing rate of unemployment, jobRead MoreThe Importance of Medicare in the Healthcare System2289 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen one of the major targets of globalization. One main dilemma is the escalating internationalization of health risks. Regardless of how this terminology is described, this term has several aspects, including economic, technological, political, social, scientific and cultural aspects (Chovan et al 2001). The relations between globalization and health are intricate and globalization is a comprehensive phenomenon that can have an effect on health in numerous ways. As an alternative, those risks toRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 PagesIn addition to being young, the majority of women are beautiful, very thin, passive, and primarily concerned with relationships and getting rings out of collars and commodes. There are a few bad, bitchy women, and they are not so pretty, not so subordinate, and not so caring as the good women. Most of the bad ones work outside of the home, which is probably why they are hardened and undesirable. The more powerful, ambitious men occupy themselves with important business deals, exciting adventures,Read MoreEmployee Morale8877 Words   |  36 Pagesis not static thing, but it changes depending on working conditions, superiors, fellow workers pay and so on Morale may range from very high to very low. High Morale is evident from the positive feelings of employees such as enthusiasm, desire to obey orders, willingness to co-operate with coworkers. Poor or low Morale becomes obvious from the negative feelings of employees such as dissatisfaction, discouragement or dislike of the job. Prof. Mee, However, holds the view that â€Å"Good employee morale

The Augustinian View Of The Trinity - 1426 Words

Mikaela Killingsworth Religion 320- Christian Theology Spring 2016 The Augustinian View of the Trinity Still debated today, implications of the doctrine of the Trinity first arises in Genesis 1:1 of the Bible and later becomes the topic of discussion during the Patristic era of the early church. One of these Patristic fathers, Augustine of Hippo, addresses this doctrine in his book The Confessions and his later writings. As one of the Patristic fathers who laid the foundations of much of Christian theology, his insight is well respected and is one of the most studied of the early fathers. In The Confessions, he brushes the surface of the doctrine of the Trinity, yet also introduces poignant issues that are explored later. In the year AD 354 in the town of Thagaste, which is now in modern day Algeria, Aurelius Augustinus was born to a Christian mother and a pagan father. His passion for philosophy led him to forsake his Christian foundation and embrace Manichaeism. After rejecting Manichaeism and looking to Neo-platonism for guidance, Augustine searched relentlessly for truth. At the age of thirty-three, Augustine renounced his pagan beliefs, converted to Christianity, and became a priest to the delight of his mother. Consequently, he committed himself to the work of Christ, writing letters and books, namely The Confessions and The City of God, for the rest of his life. Moreover, he resided in the city of Hippo until his death. The Christian Bible doesShow MoreRelatedTheology of Grace852 Words   |  4 PagesGrace is a personal relationship, not just a thing, in the life of the Trinity. A graced person was raised into the divine life. Aquinas believed in a Beatific Vision which consisted of two planes – nature and super nature. It was only possible to achieve when graced is added to nature and a person will have a mental experience and encounter happiness. Luther is the next theologian; he was a Roman Catholic and an Augustinian monk. He believed that you could not conclude being a sinner and thatRead MoreWhat Challenges Face Descriptions Of God1568 Words   |  7 Pagesclassic expositions of Augustinian theology and philosophy, however the style of writing found in each is rather different. Confessions addresses God directly in the second person, while De Trinitate appeals more to the reader. These are both written by the bishop of Hippo after the ecumenical councils of Nicea (325CE) and Constantinople (381CE) where the Trinitarian doctrine of God was firmly established as well as the divinity of Jesus Christ, hence his teachings on the Trinity aim to explain and understandRead MoreChristianity and The Lutheran Religion847 Words   |  3 Pages1483 in Eisleben, Germany (Michael J. O’Neal/Sydney Jones, 225). According to a legend, Martin Luther was riding a horse when a storm struck and he was hit by lightening. He said: â⠂¬Å"Help, Sainte Anne! I’ll become a monk.† He was saved and made an Augustinian monk (Michael J. O’Neal/Sydney Jones, 226). Two years later, Luther was ordained and began teaching at the University of Wittenberg. In 1512 he earned a doctorate in theology (Lutheranism). Over the next few years, Martin Luther began to believeRead MoreMartin Luther And The Catholic Church1724 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant figures in the entire history of Christianity. If the creation of the Lutheran Church was not enough of an accomplishment, he can also be credited with orchestrating the division of the Catholic and Protestant churches. Even as a young Augustinian Monk Martin Luther was convinced the Catholic Church had lost its way. He obsessed over his purity and relationship with God, and strongly believed the Catholic Church had lost its way over the selling of â€Å"Indulgences†. Essentially, how the ChurchRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity9485 Words   |  38 Pages THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY: Instructor: Lisa Nichols Hickman – hickmanl@duq.edu Director: Father Radu Bordeianu, Ph.D. Course Description: At the center of the Christian faith is a mystery. This mystery has everything to do with the identity of God, the nature of Christian community, the salvation history and our understanding of Christology. This is the mystery of the Trinity – how is the Godhead fully three persons, and yet one nature? Theophilus was the first to name the ‘triad’ natureRead MorePhilosophy and Christian Theology8519 Words   |  35 Pagescovered here. Further, although views about the Eucharist, a central Christian concept, have held a significant place in the philosophical dialogue in former times, it will not be discussed here since it has not been a significant focus of recent discussions. As a result, we will concentrate on three distinctive and central Christian concepts which have received significant attention in the recent literature: the doctrines of the Trinity and the Incarnation, and views on the nature of atonement. Read MoreEssay about The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy3606 Words   |  15 Pagesmethodological naturalism if it constrains inquiry, especially with regard to the human sciences such as psychology and sociology. In fact, Plantinga distinguishes between Duhemian science, which excludes metaphysics, and a more comprehensive Augustinian science, which is inherently metaphysical (1997: 151-42). These distinctions parallel, but do not completely coincide with, the traditional divisions between the natural sciences, on the one hand, and social sciences and humanities, on the other

Acne Cyst Treatment free essay sample

Acne cyst treatment The typical acne pimple is a small red bump. The redness stems from the action of the body’s germ fighting cells. The white blood cells attack the bacteria in the skin, creating a bump on the skin. A very large, extended, all-out attack can create an acne cyst. Cystic acne can sometimes be considered severe acne, depending on the amount of cysts and other acne. When these large attacks take place, they induce the production of a sticky substance called pus. Pus appears in an infected region of the body, where the battle is taking place. An infected pimple can accumulate so much pus that it grows to a diameter of five millimeters. At the preliminary stages, this type of acne can be treated somewhat successfully with exposed acne treatment. However, long term cystic acne should be treated by way of a topical acne treatment and natural internal cleansing system. We will write a custom essay sample on Acne Cyst Treatment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pus-filled pimple are usually painful and tender to the touch. These pus-filled region of skin can no longer be called a simple pimple, and are considered cysts. A person with a number of cysts has cystic acne. An acne cyst acan be quite noticable and unsightly. A person with an acne cyst often feels tempted to squeeze the cyst to alleviate the pressure. However, squeezing seldom produces the desired result. It irritates the skin and makes the acne worse. There is an array of different factors that can cause the development of an acne cyst. Whenever an irritating object comes in contact with facial skin, the changes associated with cyst formation can occur. Use of a harsh soap on the face can encourage cyst formations. Even application to the face of an anti-acne treatment can aggravate cystic acne, if the person applying the acne treatment does not have clean hands. Poor diet can trigger the formation of an acne cyst. Particularly a lack of fruits and vegetables, foodsthat can be rich in Vitamin A, can exacerbate cystic acne. The anti-oxidants in Vitamin A suppress the creation of chemicals that can harm the skin. A patient with cystic acne may also consider ingesting retinoids, which are a synthetic form of Vitamin A. A third element can instigate certain biochemical pathways in the skin, pathways that cause the formation of acne cysts: stress. A highly stressed person has an increased risk of getting cystic acne. Fortunately, one of the treatments for acne can also serve to reduce a patient’s stress level. Cleanliness helps to fight cystic acne. Cleaning routines can include a baths with Epson salts or chamomile in the bathwater. This combination softens the skin and helps to de-stress the bath-taker. Other acne home remedies that help reduce or prevent acne and reduce stress are also available. Acne is the most typical skin problem among adults. The said skin disease comes in various Types and each of them has a very distinguishable effect on all of its sufferers — scar. However, prior to the scarring, if the acne is not treated properly, it will eventually develop into an acne cyst. An acne cyst apparently gravely affects the skin. A person can have acne cysts when his acne develops pus-filled nodules. This being the case, in an acne cyst picture, it can be seen that the sufferer thereof has facial bumps. The condition at this stage cannot be expected to quickly heal because the skin cannot easily discharge the infection’s wastes. Thus, to address this case, it is advisable that the acne sufferer make an appointment for an acne cyst treatment to avoid scarring and other skin-related diseases. Cleansing is still the best and the most common suggested means of preventing acne infection, thus cysts. An acne cyst sufferer should use a gentle soap and cleanser like an acne cure cyst to clean the skin and maintain its natural moisture. However, apart from the medicine-based solutions and washing the face, there is also a good acne cyst home remedy that effectively helps in preventing further acne infection. This remedy is composed of a daily dose of the following: a healthy eating habit, a healthy lifestyle, and vitamin supplements intake. Applying creams, which contain benzoyl peroxide, on the area where the cysts thrive is also an effective acne cyst treatment. benzoyl peroxide is a known antibacterial ingredient that can prevent and treat pimples. However, caution should be applied in using this chemical since it usually works effectively only when used according to the prescribed dosage of skin doctors. As such, benzoyl peroxide users should try other medicines once their skin gets irritated or develops any allergy caused by the drug. Taking antibiotics and other topical medications is also an effective method in treating acne. However, the simple question on how to get rid of acne cyst cannot be absolutely answered by the said drug since topical medications can only act as first line of defense. In cases when there is an adult acne cyst face bump, the proper solution is isotretinoin, a retinoid commercially promoted as accutane. This drug is usually prescribed to be taken on a daily basis as it can aid in lowering the chances of bacteria growth by reducing the skin’s o causes and Symptoms There is no magic formula that creates cystic acne – the same factors that are at the root of other forms of acne are to blame: overactive oil glands, excess dead skin cells in pores, and a high amount of acne-causing bacteria called Propionibacteria acnes. Ignore the myths that state eating candy and drinking soda has brought on your case of cystic acne. You’ve done nothing to cause your problematic skin. Cystic acne is usually an issue in patients who have parents that have battled the same condition, as hereditary plays an important role. Other factors associated with cystic acne include: †¢ Stress and hormonal changes – adolescence, menstruation, and pregnancy †¢ Excessive washing and scrubbing of the skin †¢ Squeezing and picking blemishes Cystic Acne Home Remedies From simple kitchen remedies to using fruit to rescue your skin, home remedies for cystic acne can help treat inflammation, soothe painful cysts, and prevent future breakouts. Below you will find a couple of suggestions for rebuilding healthy skin: a) Baking Soda and Sea Salt: Mix a small amount of baking soda with water and apply to affected areas no more than once or twice a week. Another remedy involving baking soda calls for the mixing of a small amount of baking soda and sea salt together with water to create a paste that treats inflamed cystic acne. d) Honey and Aspirin: Clear your complexion by using honey and aspirin for a combination remedy. Crush an aspirin and mix with water until a paste is formed. Apply to the face and rinse off. The aspirin acts as an effective exfoliant. Follow-up with an application of honey, which offers a moisturizing, antibacterial treatment. e) Egg White: Some people have reported results in treating their cystic acne by applying egg whites to the skin. f) Aloe: Rubbing aloe vera juice on cysts may help speed up the healing process. g) Mango: Orange or yellow-orange fruits and vegetables have a reputation for replenishing the skin. Create a mango paste for your face to soften skin, achieve a natural glow, and open clogged pores that can lead to or worsen cystic acne. h) Reduce Friction and Sweating: Friction and excessive sweating can cause pores to become clogged and more susceptible to cystic acne. Reduce your chances by taking a break when bike helmets, backpacks, tight collars, or headbands are causing undue irritation to your skin. i) Lemon Juice: Mix lemon juice with water to treat the inflammation of cystic acne. j) Say ‘No’ to Oil and Grease: Using oily or greasy cosmetic products (even some sunscreens) can contribute to your cystic acne. Choose noncomedogenic or nonacnegenic cosmetic products to prevent a breakout. k) Gentle Cleansing Habits: Gently wash and cleanse affected areas a couple of times per day. Make sure to avoid drying out the skin and causing irritation. ) Wash Off Make-Up: Women, don’t forget to wash off all of your make-up before going to bed or you run the risk of clogging pores. sing oatmeal mask on face is a popular skin care natural remedy to diminish Acne Cysts because it helps draw out excess oil and impurities from pores. Moreover, it helps avoid sunburn. To prepare this homemade mask, cook a cup of water mixed with three-fourt h cup of oatmeal. Then, leave the mixture for sometime so that it remains moderately warm and then add a quarter cup of honey in it. Finally, apply it on face for about 15 minutes and then wash it off. Use this natural treatment at least once in a week. †¢Ã‚  One of the simplest natural cures for getting rid of Acne Cysts involves regular application of a mixture of honey, lime juice and turmeric powder. It also helps remove face blemishes and age spots. †¢Ã‚  Applying a thick fuller’s earth face mask mixed with some lemon juice is helpful in reducing Acne Cysts. Try to use this therapy during night time. †¢Ã‚  Another effective natural way to remove Acne Cysts is apply a combination of one tablespoon honey, some lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and a pinch of sea salt and cinnamon. Wash it off with lukewarm water after 10-15 minutes. Follow this procedure at leas one or two times in a week. †¢Ã‚  Prepare a paste by grinding orange peels along with some water and apply it on a regular basis. This is a widely used Acne Cysts home remedy. Preferably, wash your face with lukewarm warm before following this natural treatment. Another variation of this Acne Cyst home treatment is to rub orange peel on acne spots. Use separate pieces for separate spots to avoid spread of infection. †¢Ã‚  Application of aloe vera gel or juice is useful in reducing Acne Cysts swelling and inflammation. You can also use a mixture of four teaspoons of coconut oil and a teaspoon of aloe vera gel. †¢Ã‚  Gently rubbing freshly cut garlic piece on the affected area is one of the most popular home remedies for Acne Cysts natural treatment. Follow this therapy several times in a day. In addition, consumption of garlic is also beneficial in healing Acne Cysts. †¢Ã‚  Applying a combination of lemon juice and rose water is useful in controlling Acne Cysts naturally. Juice of raw papaya is also beneficial in curing this Acne Cysts.   Tea tree oil, neem oil and oregano oil serve as excellent Acne Cysts home remedies. In you have a sensitive skin then you may add jojoba oil in any of these oils avoid skin irritation. Another way to use these oils is to add any of them in hot water and place your face close to the steam. You can also rinse the affected area with neem decoction by boiling the leaves in water. It can also be consumed. †¢Ã‚  Applying neem decoction mixed with one te aspoon of mint juice and a pinch of turmeric is another valuable natural remedy to cure Acne Cysts. Let it stay on skin overnight and wash it off in the morning. †¢Ã‚  Massaging the skin for a few minutes with a loose paste a tablespoon of baking soda and a little bit of water is highly beneficial in getting rid of this Acne Cysts as it helps remove dead skin and is good for exfoliation. Besides, when dealing with Acne Cysts, make sure you do not squeeze the swollen and tender lumps because such attempts pave way for the development of Acne Scars and ugly skin discoloration. In addition, do not rub the affected area vigorously while washing or drying it. Avoid environmental irritants as far as possible. Apart from this, take a healthy, nutritious diet, drink plenty of water for natural  detoxification, avoid junk foods, maintain proper personal hygiene and follow the natural home remedies for Acne Cysts to cure cystic acne at home. Treatment for acne cysts includes removing the blockage within the pores and getting rid of any bacteria that may be present. A facewash containing Benzoyl peroxide is a must as this compound helps to get rid of dead skin cells that may be causing the blockage. Treating acne cysts may also require stronger antibiotics and other medications. Some of the most common acne cyst treatments include clindamycin, erythromycin, and minocycline. In severe cases, the dermatologist may recommend cortisone injections. This acne cysts cure can be a little painful as the cortisone has to be injected directly into the cysts. There are also several natural cures for acne cysts that one can use in order to treat this condition. It is important to keep in mind that these remedies take longer to show noticeable changes but the results invariably last for longer periods. Home remedies for acne cysts include honey, lemon juice, ginger, garlic, fuller’s earth, finely ground brown rice flour, and apple cider vinegar. You will need to make a thin paste out of the rice flour and apple cider vinegar. Apply this to your face, wait for ten minutes and then gently scrub the top of your skin with it. Make sure that you do not apply any pressure as this will promote the production of sebum. Once this is done, you can make a paste out of a small piece of ginger and a garlic clove. Apply this paste to your skin and allow it to dry completely before you rinse it off with lukewarm water. Ginger and garlic contain natural antibacterial compounds and will help to eliminate the bacteria present within the pores of your skin. Before you go to bed, make a thick paste out of the fuller’s earth and the lemon juice and apply this in an even layer over your skin. Allow it to dry before you rinse it off. Lemon juice helps to break down dead skin while fuller’s earth absorbs excess sebum from within your skin. This natural treatment for acne cysts has been known to be very effective. * liver * sweet potatos * carrots * mangoes spinach * cantaloupe * dried apricots * milk * egg yolks * mozzarella cheese If you can, try to get some form of gentle exercise every day. Unless your pain is because of a recent injury, it is important to keep your joints mobile. Try walking outside for a few minutes each day. Then as you are able increase the time. That should help with the stiffness you are experiencing. Eat mineral rich foods such as kelp, dulse, kale, pumpkin seeds, an d blackstrap molasses to provide nutrition for your joints. Eat more foods that are high in calcium.

Types of Cardiac Arrhythmia Resulting From Centrifugal Acceleration

Abstract Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the many health conditions that form the basis of aviation medicine. The absence of adequate information around the condition necessitates studies to that effect. The current paper sought to determine the types of cardiac arrhythmia that result from aviation related movement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Types of Cardiac Arrhythmia Resulting From Centrifugal Acceleration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study relied on findings made in centrifugal training experiments, where subjects are usually placed in a human centrifuge. The objective was to expose the subjects to +Gz forces, which are similar to the ones in a military jet or a commercial flight. During such exercises, the tolerance level of the subjects was determined relative to the G-forces. It was found that sinus arrhythmia, premature atrial contraction, premature ventricle contraction, and atrial fib rillation are the common cardiac arrhythmias during such exercises. Introduction Aviation Medicine An Overview There are certain health-related problems that are unique to the aeronautical and aviation industry.[1] Rayman points out that aviation medicine can also be referred to as flight or aerospace therapy.[1] The idea behind this kind of healthcare is the need for a medicinal approach in tackling the wellbeing of people in aerospace industries. Pilots and astronauts are good examples of individuals who are covered by aviation medicine. The principle behind this field is the fact that the patients find themselves physiologically affected by aviation-related factors, such as gravity. Advancement in the aerospace and aviation sectors imply that most of the aforementioned factors will increasingly affect the persons in the industry. Hanada, Hisada, and Koichiro affirm that progress is inevitable in the aviation industry.[2] An example is the case of air force pilots. The need to dev elop faster and effective jets means that the aerodynamic factors will be modified. Consequently, the pilots end up being affected by some of these forces. The advancements made in aviation medicine rely on its relevance to the world of aerospace. Whinnery indicates this importance by outlining the fact that the United States Air Force (herein referred to as USAF) has a School of Aerospace Medicine.[3] Such institutions justify the reasoning that research in aviation medicine is important. In a study to determine the state of affairs in Singapore in relation to this field, Gan, Low and Singh focus on the military and commercial flight areas.[4] In these fields, there is constant development of new and state-of-the-art machinery. However, as aforementioned, the same comes with consequences like increased arrhythmia.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technological innovati ons in medicine are required in such fields as aviation physiology and performance maximization.[4] Other areas in which advancement is required include the selection of medical standards and protection of aircrew from communicable diseases, which may arise during a flight. However, for the purposes of this paper, discussions will revolve around the physiology aspect of aviation medicine. G-Forces in air planes Airplanes are constructed in such a manner that they respond to the laws of aerodynamics.[1] The operation of these laws relies on gravity and how to overcome it. Whinnery brings out the understanding that gravity, as a force, is observed as acceleration.[2] The implication is that there is motion involved. Going by the arguments made in Newton’s laws of motion, it is evident that gravity is characterized by several forces. The study restricts itself to the forces exerted on an aircraft due to gravity, which is referred to as ‘g-force’. According to Gan et al.,[4] g-forces are considered as accelerations, as previously indicated. As a result, one can determine these forces on the basis of their respective weights. By virtue of the acceleration nature of gravity, the g-forces appear to multiply the weights of a given mass. In the context of an airplane, these factors tend to reproduce the weight of the unit mass of the persons in the jet. To appreciate how a pilot will experience this multiplier effect, one ought to obtain the sum of the non-gravitational forces acting on them. The aforementioned non-gravitational forces are considered as the proper accelerations.[1] Their effects include stress and strain on persons in an aircraft. In their study, Whinnery[3] makes the claim that high amounts of g-forces are destructive to the aircraft and to the people. Effects of g-forces on human anatomy G-forces cause strain and stress on the bodies in an aircraft. In line with this, the elements have a physiological effect on human bodies.[1] Ha nada et al.[2] affirm this hypothesis in their study on the effects of g-forces on military pilots. Most of the components of the human anatomy have mass. As such, the effects of stress and strain on them vary. Hanada et al.[2] indicate cerebral perfusion as a major impact of these forces. In such cases, the patients tend to suffer from a condition known as G-induced loss of consciousness (herein referred to as G-LOC). Such conditions are common among military pilots during the maneuvers displayed by the fighter jets. Arrhythmias is another common phenomenon resulting from the g-forces, especially in instances where flight crew are taken through centrifuge training.[4] In such cases, the pilots are subjected to the same conditions as those of a plane in the air. Consequently, the developments tend to alter the rhythmic patterns of an individual’s heartbeat. The effects of g-forces are so serious on the human anatomy to the extent that Hanada et al.[2] propose the presence of specialists during centrifuge training.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Types of Cardiac Arrhythmia Resulting From Centrifugal Acceleration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effects of G-Forces on the Heart General effects An analysis of g-forces makes it apparent that human anatomy is severely affected by stress and strain, as illustrated in the previous section. Advances in aerospace technology imply that human body will continue to be subjected to such forces to determine its tolerance.[1] For the purposes of this study, it is important to understand the effects of g-forces on the heart as an organ in human anatomy. Cardiac arrhythmia The functioning of the heart is largely attributed to its electrical properties.[1] The stresses and strains brought about by the g-forces tend to affect the organ’s electrical attributes. As a result, the heart beat is altered. Conditions of this nature are what are referred to as cardiac arrhythmia. The condition is not age or gender specific. Whinnery[3] points out that the condition if often not fatal. However, studies illustrate that cardiac arrest is associated with arrhythmia.[2] Cardiac arrhythmia can occur in one of the compartments of the heart.[1] The same explains why there are different types of the said condition. Rayman[1] points out the existence of four types of cardiac arrhythmia. The first is supraventricular arrhythmia, which is characterized by a fast heart rate.[1] Secondly, there is bradyyarrhytmias. The condition arises when the heart beat is extremely low. In such cases, the blood hardly reaches the brain. The third type is ventricular arrhythmias. The occurence is associated with the lower chambers of the heart.[1] Finally, there is premature beats. It is a type of arrhythmia associated with the upper atria of the heart. The ‘premature beats’ are an indication of a mild form of arrhythmia, whose symptom s are not easily noticeable.[5] Cardiac arrhythmia in aviation medicine The aviation industry is a sensitive area, which involves out of space explorations and normal flights. The machines involved are quite complex. The sophistication requires the complete application of the pilot’s cognitive abilities. Within the broad spectrum of aviation medicine, cardiac arrhythmia falls under the physiological effects. The heart plays an important role in human anatomy.[6] As such, studies have been conducted to illustrate how best to overcome the condition. Factors influencing g-force provoked arrhythmia During centrifugal training, the participants are subjected to +Gz forces. The procedure leads to stress that affects human anatomical functions. It is evident that cardiac arrhythmia results from the effects of the G-force on the heart. The rhythms are distorted from their normal patterns.[7] It is important to appreciate the factors that influence the occurrence of arrhythmia due to the G-forces. Over the years, aviation medicine has relied on centrifugal training to obtain information about cardiac arrhythmia. Such information includes the various types of the condition and their influencing factors.[7] Experiments carried out to determine this rely on the use of human centrifuges, which are found in special units. The most common areas where such apparitions are found include special aviation medical departments in military wings.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the factors that influence cardiac arrhythmia during centrifugal training is the magnitude of the +Gz. Ewalina and Lech[7] proved this in a study in which they sought to determine hemodynamic changes resulting from centrifugal acceleration and the corresponding cardiovascular responses. The study reveals that an acceleration of 1Gz is responsible of acute hemodynamic changes. The same magnitude of acceleration was found to be an activator of cardiovascular responses, arrhythmia being one of them.[7] Anti-G straining maneuvers (herein referred to as AGSM) are other factors that influence g-force-provoked arrhythmia. Ewalina and Lech[7] point out that the same has a direct effect on the nervous system, which impacts on the heart’s electrical properties. Such measures are seen as an attempt to reduce the effects of g-forces. They limit the impacts of +Gz on the electrical characteristics of the heart. Other factors include the health status of the subject and the duration of exposure. Latent cardiac medical histories give mixed results. Exposure durations increase the chances of cardiac arrhythmia, which further aggravates the severity of the conditions. Materials and Methods Introduction The current study is hinged on the hypothesis that centrifugal acceleration results in cardiac arrhythmia.[1] The research relies on a series of peer reviewed articles, which provide a detailed discussion of the topic. More importantly, the articles relied on address the issue of g-forces and their effects on human subjects. They illustrate the various types of arrhythmia and their relationship with g-forces. +G Acceleration and Corresponding Detection of Cardiovascular Responses In an experiment, Vettes, Viellefond, and Auffret[6] determined that g-forces have a corresponding cardiovascular response from the heart. The researchers deduced this by carrying out detailed studies on the issue. The subjects used were all male and individually volunteered for the exerci se. The studies were carried out in a laboratory in France. The location, known as the Aerospace Medicine Laboratory of the Flight and Test Center, contained the equipment necessary for this research.[6] The male volunteers had an average age of 37 years.[6] After the preliminary medical check-ups were concluded, all the subjects were found to be medically fit for exposure to g-forces. Preliminary tests carried out at the Central Medical Examination Centre for Flying Personnel, which is situated in Paris.[6] Thirteen of the participants did not have prior exposure to centrifugal acceleration. According to Vettes et al.,[6] +Gz g-forces were required for the study. The said forces are attained when a human centrifuge is rotated longitudinally. The specific centrifuge used in this research had a vertical rotating axis, whose arm was six meters.[6] A gondola is attached at the arm’s extreme end. Human subjects occupy this space. The centrifugal acceleration in this regard is obt ained by means of a perpendicular rotation of the arm relative to the gondola. During this rotation, the apparatus moves along the axis, exposing the subject to the +Gz forces arising from acceleration. To ascertain the responses, certain cardiac parameters are taken into account.[6] Such parameters as the subjects’ rate of heartbeat and arterial pressure were are determined. The study by Vettes et al.[6] required the stoke volume and the subjects’ visual fields to be recorded as part of the preliminary medical analysis. Each of the electrocardiographs was analyzed by means of a special electrode. The electrodes are placed on 3 locations on the subjects’ body. The first two are placed on each of the axillae, while the third is placed on the lumbar spine. In so doing, the researchers minimize the noise that would otherwise be present due to the muscle-related contractions. The arterial pressure on the other hand is obtained by means of a syphgamanomter.[6] The sa id machine is normally inflated by means of an electrovalve that is remotely controlled. To obtain the actual pressure in a subject, a curve on the machine is needed.[6] In addition, there is a microphone placed at a strategic point to detect specific noises. In the study, the researchers were able to record their patients’ rates of heartbeat using a phonocardiograph. However, there are exceptions where the heart rate is determined by taking measurements of 10 systoles from the machine. Safety Criterion The study by Hanada et al.[2] sought to develop a safety criterion for centrifugal training. The study relied on pilots from the Japanese Air Self-Defense forces. Each of the subjects was conversant with F-4, F-15 and F-2 fighter jets.[2] Such familiarity was a requirement to be part of the study. It was meant to ensure that the subjects were all familiar with increased G-forces due to the aircrafts’ high rates of acceleration. As expected, there was a preliminary medic al examination carried out on each of the participants.[7] In addition, the subjects were taken through a pre-determined duration of centrifugal acceleration to obtain specified results. The study created several profiles to analyze the effects of different +Gz forces. The data analysis phase was characterized by anonymity. The names of the pilots were not included in the profiles. G-Force Tolerance In their study, Blue et al.[5] examined levels of tolerance associated with g-forces during centrifugal training. The study revolved around subjects with an interest in spaceflight. The participants were part of Virgin Galactica crew and would- be passengers. An equipment referred to as a ‘Space Training Simulator’ was used in the study. The machine operates like a human centrifuge. Prior to the experiment, a medical examination was carried out. Afterwards, the subjects were taken through an anti-G straining procedure. There was a descriptive representation of the data colle cted in the study. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Flight and Centrifuge Simulations In their article, Ewalina and Lech[7] argue that centrifuge acceleration has an effect on cardiac arrhythmia. Consequently, their study analyzed the two scenarios in which such acceleration is achieved. They examined the rhythm balances when the subjects are in centrifuge training and in actual flight. Ewalina and Lech[7] point out that the two instances have similarities and differences. Ultimately, the research sheds more light on cardiac arrhythmia resulting from centrifugal acceleration. In the study, Ewalina and Lech[7] relied on 20 experienced pilots and 20 students. The student pilots were selected from a group of 3rd and 4th year cadets in the Polish Air Force Officers’ College. According to Ewalina and Lech,[7] the average age of the experienced pilots was 35.3 years. There was an allowance of 4.9 years in the positive and negative extremes. The average height was 176.6 cm, while body mass wa s 79.3kg.[7] The average flying hours of the experienced pilots was estimated at 2620. The trainee pilots, on the other hand, had an average age of 21.9 years and median height of 178.2 cm.[7] Their mean body mass was 78.7kg. They had an average of 252 flight hours on their records.[7] One of the requirements for participation in the experiment was that none of the pilots should take any form of medication. Ethical issues were also taken into consideration, where the participants were required to submit a written consent. The approval to conduct the study was granted by an ethics committee constituted by the ‘Polish Air Forces Institute of Aviation Medicine.’[7] The study required the subjects from the two groups to carry out flight protocols in pairs, where one acted as a pilot, and the other as a passenger.[7] Each of the subjects was required to make 2 flights. In the first flight, the subject was required to act as a ‘pilot’ (herein referred to as AF). The second flight demanded that they act as a passenger (herein referred to as PF). According to Ewalina and Lech,[7] the participants were required to take a break in-between the flight schedules. The study gave an allowance of 1 hour as the duration of time that each pilot should take before taking part in the next flight. To attain consistent results, all the subjects made use of the same TS-11 ISKRA Jet.[7] Once all the pilots had made their required flights, the researchers took a break of two days. During the break, the subjects underwent human centrifuge tests. It is important to note that the subjects did not wear G-suits during the study. The omission was meant to allow the +Gz effects to be conclusively examined. The forces were generated from the maneuvers carried out in the flight program. They ranged from 0.57 G.s-1 to 4Gz when the maneuver involved three successive turns.[7] With regards to the split S maneuver, the acceleration was recorded between 1.7G. s-1 and 5.6 G z.7 The ‘two-successive loop’ maneuver was characterized by an acceleration of 1.4G.s-1 to 5.0Gz. The other maneuvers carried out were the immelman and the one turn. The former had an acceleration of 5.6Gz, while the latter gave results identical to all the other maneuvers.[7] The results from the flight protocols were recorded separately. As aforementioned, the study carried out a centrifuge test. The same was realized using a centrifuge with a radius of 10 meters.[7] The equipment was provided by the Acceleration Tolerance Laboratory, which is situated within the Institute of Aviation Medicine. The latter is a department of the Polish Military. At the resting level, the acceleration was +1.4Gz. Thereafter, it was increased by 1G.s-1 to a maximum of 7Gz. When the human centrifuge was involved, the accelerations were set at levels similar to the aerobatic maneuvers.[7] +GZ and the Electrocardiographic Response Whinnery[3] sought to establish that the g-forces experience d during centrifuge training have an effect on an individual’s electrocardiographic (herein referred to as ECG) response system. The study involved a total of 59 subjects. According to Whinnery,[3] the research relied on the responses of the flight surgeons that developed the acceleration profiles of the subjects. The participants were drawn from the United States Air Force and the United States Navy.[3] The two training profiles developed for the study included the gradual and the rapid onsets. According to Whinnery,[3] observation of the subjects was carried out based on their respective ECG dysrhythmias. The first profile was developed when the participants were allowed to put on a standard anti-g suit. Whinnery[3] points out that the suit was not inflated. There various reasons why inflation was omitted. The major objective was to ensure that the subjects were relaxed and that their loss of peripheral vision was gradual. The maximum limit of +Gz was estimated at +9Gz. It is important to note that the tolerance levels during the centrifuge training were recorded from 2 extremes. There was the relaxed and the straining levels of tolerance.[3] In both cases, the aim was to obtain the proficiency of the anti-g element in the experiment.[3] The researchers analyzed the various symptoms exhibited by the subjects. To achieve this, the results were computed in terms of the average, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum.[3] Whinnery[3] used the ages of the subjects to estimate the results. Of particular interest was the comparison between the ectopy occurrences among the subjects. The incidences were analyzed by means of a correlated proportions test referred to as McNemar.[3] An elaborate outline of the results is discussed in the subsequent sections of this paper. The objective, as already mentioned, is to build on the hypothesis of the current study. The discussions will involve results from studies similar to the ones referred to in this section. Resu lts Introduction to the Results From the materials and methods discussed in the previous sections, it is apparent that there is enough evidence to support the hypothesis made in this paper. The evidence suggests that cardiac arrhythmia is caused by g-forces that result from centrifugal acceleration.[5] The results of previous studies conducted in this field highlight the various types of arrhythmias and the effect of centrifugal acceleration on the rate of heartbeat. In addition, the findings made illustrate the various cardiovascular parameters related to arrhythmia. In line with this, analysis of this condition in relation to centrifuge is outlined in this section. Types of Arrhythmias As aforementioned, there are multiple types of arrhythmias. Each of them has unique characteristics that set it apart from the others.[6] In a study to determine the safety measures needed to be put in place during g-flight training, Hanada et al.[2] found out different types of this condition. The findings are illustrated in Table 2 below: Table 1: Types of cardiac arrhythmia Number of Participants Percentage of Occurrence (%) Type of Arrhythmia 114 58.5 Single PVC 95 48.7 Sinus Arrhythmia 63 32.3 Single PAC 19 9.7 Paired PVC 5 2.6 Ventricular tachycardia 3 1.5 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 3 1.5 Repeated PAC 1 0.5 Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation 1 0.5 Ventricular bigeminy or trigeminy Adapted from: Hanada et al.[2] The study by Hanada et al.[2] reveals 9 types of cardiac arrhythmia associated with centrifuge acceleration. The figures listed in table 1 above were obtained from a research conducted by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (herein referred to as JASDF). The most common condition recorded during the study was single premature ventricular contraction (herein referred to as PVC) at 58.5 percent. The occurrence of both Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and ventricular bigemny or trigemny was recorded at 0.5% in one of the participants, maki ng it the least common of all. Centrifugal Acceleration and its Effects on the Rate of Heartbeat As previously mentioned, centrifugal acceleration has an effect on human anatomy. The effects of this phenomenon on human body vary between different organs. Studies reveal that centrifugal acceleration gives rise to g-forces. As such, it follows that their effects on the heart touches on its rhythms, leading to cardiac arrhythmia.[7] In their study, Whinnery[3] affirms that g-forces affect an individual’s heart rate. Table 2 below illustrates results of the study by Whinnery.[3] The effects of the forces on the human heart are documented in the table. Table 2: G-force exposure and corresponding heart beat rates Lown grade Ectopy Definition Subjects with highest Lown grade 0 Absence of ventricular premature depolarizations 12 1 5 PVC 31 2 5 PVC 3 3 Multiform PVC 1 4A Paired PVC 8 Source: Whinnery[3] In this research, Whinnery[3] relied on one type of cardiac arrhyt hmia. As illustrated in table 2 above, the study examined the rates of heartbeat in relation to the effects of exposure to +Gz forces. The analysis is based on a Lown grading system. Such a system is used to classify heartbeats with regards to cardiac arrhythmia.[8] Whinnery[3] selected a cluster from the known classifications, as shown in table 2. The experiment analyzed results from a total of 59 participants. It was found that +Gz forces affected an average of 11 subjects. The same is inferred from the data in table 2. Cardiovascular Parameters Studies aimed at examining the effects of centrifugal acceleration rely on specified cardiovascular parameters. Vettes et al.[6] posit that the +Gz forces arising from centrifugal acceleration rely on such factors. They determine such responses as cardiac arrhythmia. The said parameters include an electrogram and the visual field of the subject. In addition, the heart rate and humeral arterial pressure of the participants are factored in t he study. They make up the cardiovascular parameters recorded during such experiments.[6] Vettes et al.[6] point out that increased exposure to g-forces was followed by a corresponding increase in the rate of the individual’s heart beats. The results from their experiments illustrated that peripheral loss of vision among the subjects was an indicator of the effects of the +Gz forces. The latter is regarded as a key symptom indicating the onset of cardiac arrhythmia. The study by Vettes et al.[6] revealed that the highest recorded heart beat per minute was 113, whereas the lowest was 84. In terms of pressure, Vettes et al.[6] illustrated that increased exposure to these forces (up to levels of +3 Gz) resulted in a corresponding rise in arterial pressure. To this effect, blood pressure is treated as an essential parameter in understanding cardiac arrhythmia. The same explains the effects of exposure to g-forces. The scenario is similar to electrocardiographic recordings, which vary depending on the accelerations. In their study, Vettes et al.[6] point out that increased heart pressure was the cause of arrhythmia. The reason is that the pressure led to atrio-ventricular dissociation. Effects of Centrifuge Training on the Heart The major focus of this study is centrifugal acceleration and its effects on human anatomy.[9] Aviation regulations require pilots (and in some cases passengers) to undergo some level of centrifugal training. Such trainings simulate the acceleration likely to be experienced in fast moving aircrafts. An example of such instances involves commercial space-crafts.[5] The high acceleration associated with such crafts requires some training to acquaint the persons with the g-forces. Blue et al.[5] carried out a similar study in which occupants of a spaceflight were subjected to centrifugal-stimulated sub-orbital flight. The objective was to create conditions similar to those in a fast moving aircraft. The participants in the study by Blue et al.[5] were all healthy. The simulation was expected to provide information on how g-forces affect the heart. It was also expected to shed light on the influence of the forces on the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. Their study used a total of 81 participants[5]. The research by Blue et al.[5] required healthy individuals. As a result, all the participants were subjected to medical screening.[6] Consequently, the initial number was reduced to 77 subjects. Out of this, 65 were men, while 12 were women. Another batch of 21 participants was subjected to cardiac examinations to check for any latent complications. The medical examinations revealed that 16 had histories of hypertension, while 5 had diabetes. Another 5 had undergone a coronary heart bypass. In addition, 17 participants had a history of hyperlipidemia. Prior to the simulation, there were 2 individuals who were found to have severe cases of peripheral vascular disease. The objective of these tests was to obtain exact re sults from the simulations. The aim was to ensure that the findings made were due to g-forces from centrifugal acceleration and not from latent conditions. The participants with medical histories had little complaints from the centrifugal acceleration in comparison to those without backgrounds of medical conditions. However, both sets of participants complained of nausea. The same is common in cases where subjects are exposed to high centrifugal acceleration. Another effect of this development was greyout. To this end, participants complained of incidences of mild greyout. Interestingly, none of the participants experienced any form of G-LOC. There were, however, incidences where the participants would perform head movements with the sole objective of self-inducing sensations similar to coriolis. Discussion Overview From the various experiments highlighted in the current study, it appears that cardiac arrhythmia is caused by g-forces associated with aerodynamics.[10] The various stu dies made reference to centrifugal acceleration. It is not possible to obtain results from the specific aircrafts that the researchers used to generate centrifugal acceleration. As a result, most studies depend on simulations of conditions found in an aircraft.[11] During such instances, the subjects are rotated at speeds that are almost equivalent to those in an aircraft The objective of such simulations is to expose the subjects to g-forces from acceleration.[12] The specific elements observed are the +Gz forces. The designation ‘z’ implies that on a 3 dimensional plane, the said forces act on the z axis. Their effects on the subject are longitudinal. In addition, they are the most common forces that affect the rhythm of an individual’s heart when in flight.[13] The different levels of exposure to g-forces are a contributing factor to the occurrence of the various types of cardiac arrhythmia. The study by Hanada et al.[2] highlighted three types of arrhythmia c ommon among pilots, especially in military jets. The three were identified as PAC, PVC, and sinus arrhythmias. According to Hanada et al.,[2] the three occurred due to the variant levels of exposure to +Gz. For instance, sinus arrhythmia occurs in instances where subjects are exposed to high g-forces. In such cases, the resulting levels of stress are high. The same has an effect on the heart rate. It distorts the rhythm of these rates once the subject comes to rest. It is noted that PVC and PAC are the most common types of arrhythmia that result from interactions with high-G training.[14] Hanada et al.[2] addressed this issue by pointing out that the two are common in normal day-to-day exercises. The researchers found it prudent to do away with centrifuge in cases where subjects exhibited PAC and PVC.[2] The argument is strengthened by the assumption that the two arrhythmias are a normal occurrence among subjects. The study by Hanada et al.[2] introduced the element of grading the r ate of heartbeat rhythms among subjects. The system is essential in determining the degree or severity with which arrhythmia exhibits itself.[15] In this grading system, arrhythmias that are recorded at a grade of three or higher are regarded as severe. It is noted that 10% of the subjects in the study by Hanada et al.[2] exhibited a paired condition of PVC. The researchers argue that the condition is a direct physiological response to the stress experienced during the centrifugal acceleration in training sessions. The Lown grading system for ectopy was developed against the backdrop of the need to characterize the different types of arrhythmia. The same explains why, in the study by Hanada et al.[2], PAC and PVC are graded according to the degree of exposure to +Gz. An example is in the case where there is paired PVC and PAC, while at the same time single cases of PAC and PVC are noted. In both cases, the Lown format becomes vital in highlighting the severity of the different types of arrhythmia. The Lown system is one of the advancements made in aviation medicine. It is used to determine the types of arrhythmias that are permissible in centrifugal training. An example is evident in the study by Hanada et al.[2], where the system is used to sanction centrifugal training in cases where subjects exhibit paired PVC. However, training sessions are terminated in cases where the arrhythmias go beyond a specific threshold.[2] In such cases, the severity of the condition is determined by such factors as proaxysmal atrial fibrillation. Hanada et al.[2] posit that there are certain tachycardiac arrhythmias that reduce tolerance to G-stress resulting from centrifugal acceleration. In such cases, the subjects exhibit PSVT and VT. Their study revealed that PVST is possibly a major cause of loss of consciousness during centrifugal training.[15] The findings made in the current study are best understood from the perspective of a detailed discussion of centrifugal accelerati on and its effects on the heart. In so doing, the researcher aims to prove that cardiac arrhythmia is a result of centrifugal acceleration. In this section, the specific types of this condition are analyzed in detail. Protocols for Centrifugal Acceleration The findings in this study reveal that centrifugal acceleration is an important component of aviation medicine.[16] The process creates an environment that is similar to that experienced in fast moving aircrafts like fighter jets. Such individuals as military pilots and astronauts are the most affected by the G-forces arising from the acceleration of high speed aircrafts. It follows that such individuals require some form of training to acquaint themselves with the strenuous conditions and to help them bear with the stresses brought about by the forces. Centrifugal training, as already indicated, is the process through which pilots and other crew members are subjected to controlled conditions of G-stress. During such sessions, avi ation medical personnel examine individual subjects’ tolerance to G-forces.[2] It is important to take the subjects through certain protocols. Such a move is necessary as it helps in the attainment of accurate results from the exposure to the said forces. Several studies are used to elaborate the importance of these protocols as indicated in the ‘methods’ section of this paper. The first and most important protocol to follow in centrifugal training is preliminary medical check-ups.[1] The procedure is evident in the studies by Hanada et al.[2] and Whinnery[3], where the subjects are screened for heart related complications. The objective of such preliminary medical examinations is to ensure the effects of G-stress exposure are not confused with the symptoms of latent medical conditions. The second protocol during centrifugal studies is the exposure levels.[3] During the training exercises, the subjects must be exposed to varying levels of +Gz so that a proper com parison can be arrived at. For instance, Whinnery and Hickman[8] sought to study mitrial prolapsed and thus relied on centrifugal acceleration. Their subjects were exposed to stress levels of 1G.15s-1 which were gradually increased. There was also another exposure referred to as the rapid onset exposure in which the subjects experienced g-forces of 1 G.s-1. The initial tolerance level is essential in evaluating cardiovascular reflexes.[8] On the other hand the second tolerance level are useful in determining the subjects’ tolerance in terms of the hydraulics. During these exposure levels, in centrifugal training, it is expected that the subjects end up experiencing total loss of their peripheral sight. The aforementioned protocols are key in ensuring that the results are obtained as expected.[8] Arrhythmia Resulting from Centrifugal Training Overview From the findings in this paper, it is apparent that the rhythm of the heart is distorted by the G-stresses during centrifugal training.[17] As previously mentioned, centrifugal training involves rotation of subjects in a contraption referred to as a human centrifuge. The objective is to expose the participants in such exercises to +Gz forces.[3] Consequently, the individuals in such studies are observed to determine how the G-forces affect their human anatomy, of which the heart is a vital component. The contents of the articles referred to in the current paper reveal that there are 4 major types of arrhythmias that result from centrifugal acceleration.[4] The four include sinus arrhythmia, premature arterial contraction, arterial fibrillation, and premature ventricular contraction.[3] In order to categorize each of the mentioned arrhythmias, the author of the current study made observations depending on the levels of +Gz exposure. A detailed discussion is provided in this section. Sinus arrhythmia According to Rayman,[1] the heart has a specific rhythm to which it beats. Consequently, any external force l ike g-stress tends to distort the normal pattern of this organ, resulting in what is now known as cardiac arrhythmia. From the articles reviewed in this study, subjects in centrifugal training experiments were found to exhibit sinus arrhythmia among other complications known in aviation medicine.[9] The study by Hanada et al.[2] revealed that this complication is common during centrifugal training, where the subject’s heart rate normalizes immediately after a rapid heart-beat rhythm. Interestingly, there were subjects who exhibited this particular kind of arrhythmia prior to centrifuge acceleration and the subsequent exposure to the +Gz forces. As illustrated in table 2, the occurrence of the SA in the participants was recorded at 48%. It is important to appreciate that the high occurrence rate is not really due to the centrifugal acceleration. Hanada et al.[2] argue that the condition is a normal occurrence, especially among persons involved in physical training. Studies ill ustrate that the normal rate of a healthy adult lies between 60 to 100 beats every minute.[1] However, some studies indicate that the pattern varies between the genders. A normal female’s heart rate, for instance, is estimated to fall between 47 and 103 beats for every minute.[17] In men, the estimated rhythm is placed at the range of 43 to 102 beats per minute. Alterations in heart beat rhythm due to sinus arrhythmia are not fatal. There are cases where the condition cannot be detected. As such, members of a flying crew who are found to have the condition are not in danger. Premature arterial contraction (PAC) The human heart is fitted with a pace maker that has electrical characteristics.[1] as a result, when this part is exposed to external forces, there are distortions in its normal functioning. Centrifugal acceleration, as aforementioned, has an effect on the organ. The resultant +Gz forces give rise to G-stress. As mentioned earlier, these stressors tend to affect the n ormal workings of the human anatomy. The pacemaker is among the body parts affected. As a cardiac arrhythmia, premature arterial contraction is a phenomenon where the heart’s pacemaker emits signals before the ‘stipulated’ time.[18] The maker is located above the ventricles, meaning that these chambers respond to the distorted signals. As a result, the heart’s rhythm is altered by the ventricle’s ‘irregular’ response. An arrhythmia of this kind is usually common when an individual is stimulated either through exercises or as a result of such beverages as coffee. However, the same is also true when an individual undergoes centrifugal training.[2] In the study by Hanada et al.,[2] PAC exhibited itself in a number of the subjects used in the experiments. Despite the fact that the condition is not lethal, it can present itself in a manner that would require a discontinuation of the training. In such cases, it is considered as clinically sev ere. Hanada et al.[2] point out that repeated PAC is quite severe and advices intermittent discontinuation of centrifugal training among subjects who exhibit the condition. Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) The heart’s functions rely on the electrical impulses of the pacemaker.[19] In cases where +Gz forces are introduced into the human anatomy, the said impulses are interfered with. When such interferences occur, the functioning of some of the compartments of the heart is impeded, resulting in a distorted rhythm of heart beat. As an example of cardiac arrhythmia, PVC is characterized by the contraction of the heart’s ventricles before the expected electrical signal. The name ‘premature’ is sourced from this irregular contraction of the ventricles. The diagram below is an ECG representation of this condition: Graph 1: Premature ventricular beats Source: Vettes et al.[6] The study by Hanada et al.[2] points out that PVC can exhibit itself in differen t degrees. There is the occasional premature ventricular contraction, which is a mild version of the condition. Subjects who present the said condition are allowed to continue with centrifugal training owing to the fact that it is not harmful. The harmful case of PVC involves repeated PVC and Bigeminy, Trigeiny PVC. However, in spite of the fact that it is more harmful in comparison to occasional PVC, the latter case calls for the termination of centrifugal training after some time. A look at the study by Hanada et al.[2] reveals that 19 pilots exhibited the paired PVC condition. The number of subjects who presented the condition in subsequent training sessions kept on decreasing. The same indicates that despite being a common occurrence due to centrifugal training, PVC is only severe when a subject is exposed to High G-Stress over a long period of time without a break. A case in point is a pilot who travels in an aircraft at speeds that result in a stress of 5Gz.s-1 without taking a break. Such an individual is likely to experience a severe case of PVC, which might lead to cardiac arrest.[18] Artrial fibrillation Exposure to +Gz requires some form of tolerance from the persons participating in the centrifugal acceleration exercises.[19] Increased exposure and the resultant stresses affect the heart’s electrical functions. The atrial happens to be another region of the heart that is affected by the G-forces. According to Rayman,[1] the +Gz forces can increase the rate at which the pacemaker emits electrical impulses. When this happens, the ventricles contract in an irregular and erratic manner, leading to arterial fibrillation.[20] Whinnery[3] points out that exposure to G stress in such centrifugal exercises is characterized by atrial ectopy. As is the case with the other arrhythmias mentioned in this paper, this condition can be mild or severe depending on levels of exposure. For instance, Vettes et al.[6] suggest that the complication is regarded as normal when subjects are exposed to +2G for about five minutes. However, the researchers point out that the condition becomes severe in cases where the G-force is increased to +5G and the subjects exposed to the same for a period of more than five minute. Conclusion Vettes et al.[6] point out that centrifugal training, and by extension centrifugal acceleration, has a direct impact on cardiac arrhythmia. In the context of this study, centrifugal acceleration is regarded as an avenue of generating G-forces to create stress on human anatomy. Aviation medicine makes use of centrifugal training to effectively understand cardiac arrhythmia. In essence, this condition is caused by the distortion of the normal heart beat. Whinnery[3] introduced the element of human centrifuge in their study. The contraption is used in aviation medicine to conduct experiments on centrifugal acceleration. During such experiments, two main factors determine how G-forces give rise to cardiac arrhythmia. The two include the degree of +Gz and the duration of exposure. Intensity and duration are crucial elements in explaining the various types of arrhythmias. Hanada et al.[2] point out that centrifugal acceleration in centrifugal training exercises gives rise to 3 main types of arrhythmias. The analysis points out that sinus arrhythmia, premature atrial contraction, and premature ventricular contraction are the most common conditions. Atrial fibrillation is another type of arrhythmia associated with the exercises. Each of the conditions above is graded on their severity depending on the magnitude of +Gz. in addition, the duration in which the participants are exposed to the forces adds to the severity of the conditions. As such, it is important to pay attention to the degree of these conditions among individuals taking part in centrifugal training. The aim is to avert cases of cardiac arrest. Such occurrences are fatal, especially when the subjects are exposed to real time flight conditions. References Rayman BR. Clinical aviation medicine. New York: Castle Connolly Graduate Medical Publishing; 2000. Hanada R, Hisada T, Koichiro O. Arrythmias observed during high g-training: proposed safety training criterion. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 2004; 75(8):689-91. Whinnery EJ. The electrocardiographic response to high +Gz centrifuge training. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1990; August:716-21. Gan WH, Low R, Singh J. Aviation medicine: global historical perspectives and the development of aviation medicine alongside the growth of Singapore’s aviation landscape. Singapore Med J. 2011; 52(5):324-329. Blue SR, Riccitello MJ, Tizard J, Hamilton JR, Vanderploeg MJ. Commercial spaceflight participant G-force tolerance during centrifuge-simulated suborbital flight. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 2012; 83(10):929-34. Vettes B, Vieillefond H, Auffret R. Cardiovascular responses of man exposed to +GZ accelerations in a centrifuge. Av iation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1980; April:375-78. Ewelina KZ, Lech HK. Cardiac arrhythmias during aerobatic flight and its simulation on a centrifuge. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 2012; 82(6):599-691. Whinnery JE, Hickman JR. Acceleration of asymptomatic aircrew with mitral valve prolapsed and significant +GZ induced ventricular dysrhythmias. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1988; 59:711-717. Jeffrey RD, Johnson R, Stepanek J, Fogarty AJ. Fundamentals of aerospace medicine. Baltimore: Lippincot Williams Wilkins; 2008. Whinnery JE. Acceleration-induced ventricular tachycardia in asymptomatic men: relation to mitral valve prolapsed. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1983; 54(1):58-64. Johnston R. Clinical aviation medicine: safe travel by air. Clin. Med. 2001;1:385-8. Rayman RB, MD, MPH, DavMed, et al. Rayman’s clinical aviation medicine. New York: Castle Connolly Graduate Medical Publishing; 2013. Kennealy AJ, Kirland SJ, Sn eider ER. Bradycardia induced by negative acceleration. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1976; 47(5):483-4. Ewelina KZ, Lech HK. Centrifuge breaking effects on cardiac arrhythmias occurring at high +Gz acceleration. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 2004; 75:458-60. Whinnery JE. Acceleration-induced atrioventricular dissociation: hemodynamic consequences. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1982; 53(4):432-4. Grossman A, Wand O, Harpaz D, Prokupetz A, Assa A. Acceleration forces and cardiac and aortic indexes in jet fighter pilots. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 2011; 82:901-3. Whinnery JE. Post-acceleration chaotic atrial rythm. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1982; 53(4):390-2. Leverett DS, Burton RR. Physiological effect of high sustained +Gz forces on man. Life Sci. Space Res. 1979;17:171-85. Kopka L, Dabrowa R, Bojenko S. Relationship between the value of the Wenckebach point and +Gz tolerance. Aviation, Space, and Envi ronment Medicine. 1984; 55:607-70. Gradwell D, Rainford JD. Ernsting’s aviation medicine. Florida: CRC Press; 2006. This research paper on Types of Cardiac Arrhythmia Resulting From Centrifugal Acceleration was written and submitted by user Samuel Heath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Sumner, Wilson, Reagan, and Obama

Sumner, Wilson, Reagan, and Obama Apart from the constitution, one important area where several leaders differ is in the area of the role of government to its citizenry. In this regard, opinions have been divided from those on the extreme ends of the divide to those treading the middle ground. William Graham is one such voice who believed that the government is bad for the freedom of the American citizens.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Sumner, Wilson, Reagan, and Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A contrary opinion was given by Woodrow Wilson who did not just believe in the nobility of a government but demonstrated through creation of strong institutions that indeed the government has a role to play in chatting forward the citizen’s agenda. In this work, I take the view that while government has at time proven to be the very burden, the citizens need to be protected from, when run in line with the constitution and with a seri es of critical checks and balances, the government can be a masterful servant of the people (Dolbeare and Cummings, 2010). The American history is rich on philosophies and thoughts on modes of governance. The past is an embodiment of several differing points of view concerning governance and other related policy issues. It is indeed a study in intrigues looking at the great minds that determined the American thought process. In essence, America has a great constitution almost paralleled by none all over the world. It must truly be the emergence of these different opinions that informed the cautious, yet generous give and take that characterized the constitutionalism process. This is indeed was the view shared by our fore fathers and the great founders of our nation as envisaged in the constitution. The truth is that the founders of our great nation did not liberate us to leave the citizens to the whims of the raging winds of developing ideas. Much as our collective responsibility an d personal responsibility has been the pillars of our great state. We remain great because of a sense of unity. There is no other means of uniting American citizens more than under one national flag. It is the evidence of the philosophy of democracy as a government of the people by the people for the people (Dolbeare and Cummings, 2010).Advertising Looking for critical writing on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is our action as a united government that has enabled America to stand firm during and after periods of great challenges and peril. In the face of a growing threat from the Soviet Union and the worst depression America has ever had, it was the rallying of the American people through the brave acts of the federal government that President Reagan achieved a turnaround of the economy. In 2013, in Obama’s second inauguration, the circumstances were almost as similar as those of the early 1980 s. His appeal to the American citizens to rise up and reclaim their place in the world has contributed to the positive signs of recovery currently being witnessed (Obama, 2013). Even though William Graham had been vehement in his tearing into the idea of democracy and equality among the American citizenry, his appeal does not make sense in the face of the very foundations of the constitution. If we have to revert the ideals embodied in the American constitution, then we must agree that the people may not always be right but we must protect that individual right to be different on a foundation of equality. It is important though that a government must be able to take care of its citizens. In the absence of strong controls, governments have a tendency to be plutocratic and such a stance may erode the very benefits governments are supposed to protect (Dolbeare and Cummings, 2010). References Dolbeare, K.M., Cummings, M. S. (2010). American Political Thought (6th ed.). Washington, D.C. : CQ Press. Obama, B. (2013). Second Inaugural Address. Retrieved from https://www.bartleby.com/124/pres69.html

The lumen and absorb Teams at Crutchfield Chemical Engineering Case Study

The lumen and absorb Teams at Crutchfield Chemical Engineering - Case Study Example With this definition of intrinsic motivation in mind, several assumptions as to how these differences arose can be formulated. Primarily, it could be assumed that not all individuals on the Absorb team are working in their desired career goals, even though the majority of them hold academic-supported credentials in their current domain of work practice. Under this assumption, there would be little that could be done to improve the Absorb team’s motivational stance since working in the chemical field might simply require an adjustment of work environment in order to satisfy intrinsic needs. Secondly, as supported by the case study, there are some clues about what is driving intrinsic motivational failures present in the Absorb team that are not present in the Lumen team. Chip, the team leader, is 49 years of age and has been at the company for almost 25 years. It is probable, based on rather subjective assumptions, that Chip enjoys this field of work or would have pursued new opportunities in the past if he was not intrinsically motivated for this particular profession. Furthermore, Chip seems to have a natural propensity (an inherent motivator) to maintain a very authoritative and hierarchical management system with many control systems in place. This conflicts with virtually every team members’ desire for inherent needs for autonomy and recognition in work performance. Under models of the autocratic leadership style, this type of manager is motivated by achievement of absolute dominating power, believing that subordinates do not maintain the capacity or abilit ies to effectively work without strict and regular management presence. (Goodnight 82). Chip, who seems to maintain many of these characteristics, works as an externally-driven force that drives down motivation on the Absorb team. In the Lumen team, however, there is much more team-working occurring and social attitudes seem to sustain the same intrinsic motivations for cohesion and unity when working in group environments. Max, the team leader, is much more forthcoming both professionally and emotionally when working with his group members, applauding their performance publicly. Under respected models of psychology, one of the most fundamental aspects that drive both self-confidence production and self-actualization (the pinnacle of individual achievement) is rooted under the establishment of social belonging (Morris and Maisto 164). The case study shows a marked appreciation from the Lumen team members for this social cohesion and the ability of their team leader to find inherent satisfaction when his team members are satisfied, motivated, and willing to go the proverbial extra mile to satisfy group needs. Assuming that these team members are, indeed, motivated intrinsically by harmonious team membership environments, then Max serves as an ideal catalyst for securing these motivations by providing outward social practices that feed inherent needs in all of his group members. The effects of these differences are clear. The Absorb team members do not appreciate being second-guessed and, in some instances, allegedly deceived by their team leader. The Absorb team is not receiving proper reinforcement when they feel they have accomplished significant achievements, always being told to restructure their work in a way that satisfies this

Medical Model and Social Model of Health Assignment

Medical Model and Social Model of Health - Assignment Example This means every illness has another dimension, the dimension of perspective that deals with the ways that people explain and deal with illness and health. These perspectives may be unique, but the traditional medical model traditionally has tended to ignore these (Hart, 1985). In this assignment different such views from each school of thought will be dealt with backed by evidence from literature. It is hoped that the findings may be helpful in understanding of diseases from all angles so care delivery becomes more complete. Healthcare professionals work with patients in an established framework guided by medical and clinical insights. Obviously, this framework provides a narrow focus, although numerous people visit their care practitioners or clinicians daily for various reasons. The same is applicable for patients who are being treated in the hospitals as inpatients. Obviously, the reason for such care is illness. However, the question arises, is illness the only cause There are many reasons for which people deal with healthcare professionals, who are supposed to provide healthcare. ... It seems the medical model of care is placing extra attention to the medical part and the care part is gradually going into oblivion. Gradually mounting technological advances have indeed some role to play, but negligence about the existence of the social aspect of the care is also an important contributing factor. Many recent evidences suggest that "failing to effectively communicate about illness and treatment are the most frequent source of patient dissatisfaction" (Coulter 2002). Why does this discrepancy arise Research has now shown that there is a sociological aspect of health which plays a very prominent role in the patients. As an example, the issue of health beliefs can be considered. The patients' beliefs about health and disease have been implicated in health-related behaviours, uptake of health promotion and health education, perception of the symptoms, and in the patient-professional communications. In the medical model, beliefs were known to exert no significant effect, but they indeed can influence the experience of illness and even symptoms like pain. Acknowledgement of this fact from the social model may foster communication in the medical model, and a better understanding of the disease may lead to better outcome in medical treatments (St Claire et al., 1996). Mills (2000) has indicated that every time a patient and a care professional interact, the context would invariably be socially structured. Therefore, the personal experiences of these encounters must be understood within the frameworks of social and institutional relationships. Taking the case of coronary artery disease, it is now known that lifestyle associated risk factors play very important roles in genetically susceptible individuals. Cardiology practice is